盧森堡尼德安文　3D列印小屋

ODA Architects + Coral Architects

盧森堡現今正面對土地有限的困境，更因住宅供給不足，各市鎮開始尋找零碎土地發展住宅的可能性。建築師以本案回應此社會現象：若能將這些基地轉化為高品質、緊湊型的居住空間，使居民得以持續與原有社區保持連結，會產生何種新的居住模式？由此與市政府展開密切合作，使本案逐步成形。

Luxembourg faces a significant housing shortfall: while approximately 7,000 new homes are needed each year, only around 3,600 are built, with few delivered through public or affordable programmes. At the same time, municipalities are left with numerous small, irregular leftover plots within established neighbourhoods—sites often considered unsuitable for conventional construction. This project proposes an alternative, transforming these overlooked parcels into compact, high-quality homes that allow residents to remain within their communities.

3D混凝土列印作為本案的核心建造方式，使住宅在耐久性與性能表現上得以比擬傳統住宅，同時提升施工速度與精準度。建築模型轉譯為可列印的數位檔案後，可直接銜接現地列印流程，列印作業約一週完成，整體工期僅約四週時程。施工過程採用在地供應的一般混凝土，避免仰賴進口乾混料，有效控制成本並降低材料運輸所帶來的碳排。部分技術構件亦於列印階段直接整合於牆體之中，如淋浴間壁龕與設備預留孔位，減少後續切割與修補，使施工流程更為精簡。首座試點住宅座落於住宅區邊緣一處寬度僅3.5公尺的狹長基地。為回應尺度緊湊的條件，平面以清晰的中央動線貫穿前後，營造連續而開放的視覺效果；儲物、家具與服務機能沿兩側配置，使空間在感受上顯得寬敞舒適。上層結構延續低影響開發策略，框架與屋頂採木構系統，保溫與補強材料皆以礦物基材為主；屋頂設置太陽能板，供應住宅所需電力，南向開窗則引入自然日照，降低整體耗能。

The initiative was developed by architect Bujar Hasani of ODA Architects, in close collaboration with the Municipality of Niederanven. Together, they explored a housing model that meets Luxembourg's structural and thermal standards while supporting young residents wishing to remain in the area. From the outset, the team adopted on-site 3D concrete printing to deliver a permanent, durable dwelling with the performance of a traditional house, combined with speed and precision. To realise this ambition, ODA partnered with ICE Industrial Services and its Coral Construction Technologies division. A design-to-print workflow translated the architectural model directly into a digital file for robotic construction, allowing design development and fabrication to proceed in parallel with high accuracy and repeatability. The pilot house occupies a long, constrained site at the edge of a residential area in Niederanven. Measuring just 3.5 metres wide and 17.7 metres deep, it provides 47 square metres of net usable area. The interior is organised along a clear central axis, with storage, services, and built-in furniture lining the sides, creating open sightlines and giving the compact home a calm, elongated spatial quality.

本案不僅是盧森堡首座使用在地骨料建成的3D列印住宅，亦為首例採用螺旋樁搭配木構底盤，而非混凝土作為基底的列印量體。此一結構策略在減輕重量與降低工程量的同時，也為未來拆除或移置預留彈性，展現緊湊型住宅在提升既有社區密度之餘，仍能維持設計品質與環境性能的可能性。

The project represents two national firsts: it is the country's first 3D-printed residential building using local aggregates, and the first to be printed on a timber floor platform with screw foundations instead of concrete footings. This lightweight foundation system reduces groundworks and allows future disassembly or relocation. On-site printing with locally supplied concrete plus the full build with finishes is completed in approximately four weeks. Niches and service cavities are integrated directly during printing. The roof and superstructure are timber, insulation and reinforcement are fully mineral-based, and solar panels support both electricity generation and floor heating. Developed as both a home and a municipal pilot, Tiny House LUX demonstrates how digital construction and local materials can activate small, neglected plots, offering a replicable model for compact, resilient housing within the existing urban fabric.