瑞士洛桑　布瓦-熱努第二場館

LOCALARCHITECTURE

該建築位於洛桑市的魯道夫．史坦納學校校園的北端，作為 B2 大樓，是 B1 大樓的延續，面向學校的中心區域，能夠抵禦高速公路、高壓電力線等干擾，取代原先因過於老舊而無法翻新的涼亭。這棟兩層高的量體使用與 B1 大樓相同的流通系統，並設有斜坡和外部樓梯，各樓層皆設有通往停車場和庭院的平坦通道。

The new B2 building is located at the northern end of the Rudolf Steiner School campus in Lausanne. Continuing on from the B1 building, it faces the the school central area and provides protection from external disturbances (motorway, high-voltage power line). It replaces the existing pavilion, which was too old to be renovated. The two-storey building uses the same circulation system as Building B1, with a ramp and an external staircase. Each floor has level access from the car park and the courtyard.

建築結構簡單靈活，以兩項原則為基礎：木框架和風琴式土磚牆。教室可從北側寬闊的內部通道進入。教室的位置充分利用東南、西南座向和景觀。教室採用六角形而非平行的佈局，反映人們對於在空間中流暢、和諧運作的期待。

Simple and flexible, the building’s structure is based on two principles: a wooden framework and an accordion-like earth-brick wall. Classrooms are accessed via a wide internal circulation on the north side. They are positioned to take advantage of south-east/south-west orientations and views towards the landscape. The hexagonal rather than parallel layout of the classrooms reflects the desire to support the fluid, harmonious movement of the human body through space.

一樓庭院側邊的懸吊式陽台和大屋檐鼓勵人們與大自然互動，緊湊的建築設計在量體兩側提供室外空間，作為房間的外部延伸，從而實現該校致力進行與自然相聯的教學模式。第二座展館根據被動式能源和生物恆溫原則開發，由瑞士木材和當地泥磚製成，旨在減少建築過程中產生的灰色能源。淺色杉木板材的室內牆面，使空間更溫馨、更適合學習，表面亦儘量不使用化學油漆。建築物外部則採耐用、耐候的瑞士落葉松，該植被更是世界上最古老的樹種之一。

The suspended balcony on the courtyard side of the first floor and the large eaves encourage contact with the outdoor courtyards and the vegetation bordering the Bois-Genoud site. In addition, the building’s compactness provides outdoor spaces on either side of the volume that can be used as external extensions to the rooms, thus enabling, in line with the school’s pedagogical principles, teaching in connection with the surrounding nature. This second pavilion has been developed according to passive energy and bioclimatic principles. Made from Swiss wood and local mud bricks, it is designed to reduce the grey energy generated by construction. The interior cladding, in light spruce panels, contributes to making the spaces welcoming and learning-friendly. Surfaces are left as unfinished as possible, without chemical paint. On the exterior, the building is clad in durable, weather-resistant Swiss larch, one of the oldest species in the world.

東南西三面的大面積玻璃成為巨大的被動式太陽能收集器，屋檐可過濾光線並在夏季控制暖氣。庭院和建築周圍種植了樹木，在溫暖的季節帶來宜人的氣候。這種與自然共存的氣候管理方式在整個基地及其景觀中都有所體現。舉例而言，所有的雨水和徑流皆透過水道網絡收集，造福學校各個庭院的景觀。此項目中，水資源再利用的系統形成主要建築結構，雨水自屋頂中央的溝谷收集，一路流動至東面和西面的兩個排放口，接著落入兩個滲透井，再進入主要通道或沿途滲透。

The generously glazed east-south-west façades function as vast passive solar collectors, from which the eaves filter light and control heating in summer. The presence of trees in the courtyards and around the building contributes to a pleasant climate in the warmer seasons. This approach to managing the climate with nature is reflected throughout the site and its landscaping. For example, all rainwater and runoff from the site is collected openly, through a network of water channels that form the landscape of the school’s various courtyards. In the case of pavilion B2, this system forms the architecture of the building, where roof water is collected from the central roof valley, up to the two dischargers on the east and west facades. The water then falls into the two infiltration shafts before flowing into the main channels or infiltrating along the way.

本案用材亦被視為地理與人們的連結，除了具備遮蔽、防風、保暖或降溫等功能，兼具社會與文化的主題。考慮到這一點，該案從設計階段到施工現場，皆歡迎相關校園人士的參與。例如，讓學生及家長與泥瓦匠學徒一起參與鋪設主內牆的 Terrabloc 磚，齒輪棚亦為自建，灰泥隔板的粉刷也是由人們參與共同完成。

The material in the project is the link between the geography, the place, the users - who feel it as familiar - or the passers-by who discover it. Beyond its primary or ecological functions (sheltering, windbreak, keeping warm or cool), materials are a social and cultural subject. With this in mind, the project developed a participatory approach from the design stage right through to the construction site. For example, pupils and their parents took part in laying the main interior wall in Terrabloc bricks with apprentice masons. The gear shed was self-built, and the painting of some plaster partitions was also carried out in a participatory manner.