中國嘉興　森林車站

MAD Architects has completed Jiaxing Train Station, the firm’s first transportation infrastructure reconstruction and expansion project. Located at the center of Jiaxing, a historic city 100 kilometers southwest of Shanghai, the project replaces a dysfunctional train station that had stood at the site between 1995 and 2019. As the urbanization of China in recent years has recently developed, so too has the hardware and technology development related to transportation infrastructure. The corresponding transportation facilities buildings, such as railway stations and new airports, however, have not improved their spatial and architectural qualities at the same rate. Train stations have instead grown far beyond the human scale, standing like imposing palaces in Chinese city centers surrounded by wide main roads, viaducts, and vast empty squares.

In response to this common trend, MAD founding partner Ma Yansong advised that “we should rethink and redefine the spatial patterns of such transportation infrastructure buildings in China. We can break away from the common pursuit of grandiose monumental buildings and make them urban public spaces with transport functions, natural ecology and cultural life, where citizens are happy to go, stay, meet, and enjoy.”

MAD Architects 完成了嘉興火車站項目，為該公司的第一個交通基礎設施重建和擴建項目。其位於上海西南 100 公里處的歷史名城――嘉興市中心，該項目取代了 1995 年至 2019 年間功能不全的舊火車站。隨著近年來中國城市化的發展，與交通基礎設施相關的硬體和技術也在不斷發展。然而，相對應的交通設施建築，如火車站和新機場，其空間和建築品質卻沒有同步提升。火車站的發展反而遠遠超出了人類的尺度，就像巍峨的宮殿一樣矗立在中國的城市中心，周圍是寬闊的主幹道、高架橋和廣闊空曠的廣場。

針對這一普遍趨勢，MAD 創始合夥人馬岩松建議："我們應該重新思考和定義中國這類交通基礎設施建築的空間模式。我們可以擺脫對宏大紀念性建築的普遍追求，使其成為具有交通功能、自然生態和文化生活的城市公共空間，讓市民樂於前往、逗留、聚會和享受"。

Jiaxing Train Station was first built in 1907 and was destroyed over half a century ago. The station that was constructed in 1995 to replace the original station had an area of only 4,000 square meters and was equipped with outdated passenger facilities unsuitable for a rapidly expanding city.

MAD’s design breaks away from the usual pursuit of monumental transportation structures with a full-scale recreation of the original 1907 station, as well as a “floating” metal roof lofted above the expanded site equipped with solar panels that power the station. To pay tribute to the city’s history, architectural experts and scholars analyzed a large amount of historical data (much of which was located in the Jiaxing City Archives) to accurately reconstruct the old station house. The approximately 210,000 red and green bricks of the reconstructed station house are made of mud sourced from the nearby South Lake and other locally sourced materials.

MAD envisioned a new station that would be both more humane and efficient than its predecessor. The overall design of the interior maintains a dialogue with the recreated 1907 station through a glass facade that clearly expresses the height difference of the two structures from the entrance. The minimalist interior is clad with anodized aluminum honeycomb panels in the waiting hall, ceiling, and tunnel walls that absorb excess noise, and is lit by flood lights rather than the usual top lighting. The exhaust vents, broadcasting system, and underpass light strips are all subtly embedded into the walls.

The new station building’s entry and exit platforms, waiting halls (major transport and commercial functions) are almost entirely taken underground, thus breaking with traditional concepts and giving birth to the “train station in the forest” design. The renovated railway station has been expanded from three platforms and five lines to three platforms and six lines, with two arrival and departure lines on each of the upstream and downstream main lines. It is expected that by 2025, the full passenger capacity will reach 5.28 million people/year, with an hourly capacity of about 2,500 people at the peak of passenger traffic.

嘉興火車站建於 1907 年，在半個多世紀前被摧毀。 1995 年為取代原車站而興建的車站，面積僅有 4,000 平方米，且客運設施陳舊，不適合快速擴張的城市。MAD 的設計打破了人們對紀念性交通建築的一貫追求，全面重現了1907 年的原車站，並在擴建後的場地上架起了一個“浮動”的金屬屋頂，屋頂上裝有太陽能電池板，為車站提供電力。為了向城市的歷史致敬，建築專家和學者分析了大量歷史資料（其中大部分位於嘉興市檔案館），以準確地重建老站房。重建後的站房約有 21 萬塊紅磚和綠磚，由附近南湖的淤泥和其他就地取材的材料製成。

MAD 構想的新車站將比之前的車站更人性化、更有效率。內部的整體設計透過玻璃外牆與重塑的 1907 年車站保持對話，從入口處清晰地表達出兩個結構的高度差。極簡風格的室內設計在候車廳、天花板和隧道牆壁採用陽極氧化鋁蜂巢板，可吸收多餘噪音，並採用泛光燈照明，而非一般的頂部照明。排氣口、廣播系統和地下通道燈帶都巧妙地嵌入牆內。

新車站大樓的進出口月台、候車廳（主要運輸及商業功能）幾乎全部採取地下空間，因此打破了傳統概念，誕生了「森林中的火車站」設計。改造後的火車站由三個月台、五條列車線，擴建為三個月台、六條列車線，上、下行主線各設有兩條到發線。預計到2025年，滿載旅客將達528萬人/年，客流高峰時每小時可載客約2,500人。

Over 1,500 trees, including beech, camphor, osmanthus, maple, sebifera, sequoia, and cherry blossom were planted across the site. The spiritual axis, which contains the recreated 1907 building, is marked with beech trees that, when fully formed, will create a canopy across the entire north square in front of the station.

The south square contains seven buildings with different functions for culture and commerce, as well as a central lawn of about one hectare that are together shaped like rolling green hills. These functional spaces, scattered above and below the hills, appear as floating rings above the earth, while the center lawn will become a venue for outdoor events such as concerts and art festivals.

MAD’s design prioritizes the emotional and spiritual needs of citizens, brings in natural landscapes, and integrates urban spaces and building volumes into nature. Through careful traffic planning and employing a vertical use of space, MAD’s scheme meets the station’s existing passenger demand while leaving room for future sustainable development and expansion. The emphasis on connectivity with the surrounding environment will also help to increase its use among the local residents by enhancing the social attributes of the district and ultimately injecting new life into the old city center. MAD foresees the project as a model for urban revitalization for Chinese cities undergoing major infrastructural development.

MAD 的設計將繁忙的交通樞紐設於地下，連接並擴大了現有的公園。整個基地種植了超過 1,500 棵樹，包括櫸樹、樟樹、桂花樹、楓樹、絲柏樹、紅杉樹和櫻花樹。精神軸線包含重現的 1907 年建築，以山毛櫸樹為標誌，當樹木完全成長後，將在車站前的整個北側廣場形成一個樹冠。

南側廣場包含七棟不同功能的文化與商業建築，以及約一公頃的中央草坪，共同形成宛如起伏青山的造型。這些功能空間散佈在山丘上下，看起來就像浮在大地上的環狀物，而中央草坪將成為戶外活動的場地，如音樂會和藝術節。

MAD 的設計將市民的情感和精神需求放在首位，引入自然景觀，將城市空間和建築體量融入自然。透過謹慎的交通規劃與空間的垂直運用，MAD的方案在滿足車站現有乘客需求的同時，也為未來的永續發展與擴建預留了空間。強調與周圍環境的聯繫，也有助於提升該區的社會屬性，進而增加當地居民的使用率，最終為舊市中心注入新的活力。 MAD 預期該項目將成為中國城市活化的典範。

主要建築師：MAD 建築師事務所

施工單位：中國鐵建集團、中國鐵四局集團、中建八局有限公司

建築面積：330,000平方公尺

基地面積：354,000平方公尺

座落位置：中國嘉興

文字：MAD 建築師事務所

採訪：王韻如

Principal Architects：MAD Architects

Contractor：China Railway Construction Engineering Group, China Tiesiju Civil Engineering Group, China Construction Eighth Engineering Division Co., Ltd.

Building Area：330,000㎡

Site Area：354,000㎡

Location：Jiaxing, China

Text：MAD Architects

Interview：Ana Wang